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About Rajasthan
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the vast sandy north-western plain extending over the districts of Jaisalmer,
Barmer, Jalor, Sirohi, Jodhpur, Bikaner, Ganganagar, Jhunjhunu, Sikar, Pali,
and Nagaur, soils are predominantly saline or alkaline. Water is scarce but
is found at a depth of 30 to 61 m. The soil and sand are calcareous (chalky).
Nitrates in the soil increase its fertility, and, as has been shown in the area
of the Indira Gandhi (formerly Rajasthan) Canal, cultivation is often possible
where adequate water supplies are made available.
The soils in the Ajmer district in central Rajasthan are sandy; clay content
varies between 3 and 9 per cent. In the Jaipur and Alwar districts in the east,
soils vary from sandy loam to loamy sand. In the Kota, Bundi, and Jhalawar tract,
they are in general black and deep and are well drained. In Udaipur, Chittaurgarh,
Dungarpur, Banswara, and Bhilwara districts, eastern areas have mixed red and
black and western areas red to yellow soils.
The Aravali outlines Rajasthan's most important division. The Chambal River,
which is the only large and perennial river in the State, originates from its
drainage to the east of this range and flows northeast. Its principal tributary,
the Banas, rises in the Aravali near Kumbhalgarh and collects all the drainage
of the Mewar plateau. Further north, the Banganga, after rising near Jaipur,
flows east-wards before disappearing. The Luni is the only significant river
west of the Aravali. It rises in the Pushkar valley of Ajmer and flows 320 km
west-southwest into the Rann of Kachchh. Northeast of the Luni basin, in the
Shekhawati tract, is an area of internal drainage characterized by salt lakes,
the largest of which is Sambhar Salt Lake.
Rajasthan is a northwesterly state of India. It is bound on the west and northwest
by Pakistan, on the north and northeast by the States of Punjab, Haryana, and
Uttar Pradesh, on the east and southeast by the States of Uttar Pradesh and
Madhya Pradesh, and on the southwest by the State of Gujarat. The Tropic of
Cancer passes through its southern tip in the Banswara district.
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